1.
Oral Hygiene
 Oral
hygiene is the most important prevention method a person can take
to reduce the risk of most dental problems. Good oral hygiene is
essential for preventing the most common forms of dental problems
ranging from tooth decay and gingivitis to bad breath.
Good oral hygiene results in a mouth that looks and smells healthy.
This means that:
Your teeth are clean and free of debris Gums are pink and do not
hurt or bleed when you brush or floss Bad breath is not a constant
problem
A dentist or hygienist can help you learn good oral hygiene techniques
and can help point out areas of your mouth that may require extra
attention during brushing and flossing.
Maintaining good oral hygiene is one of the most important things
you can do for your teeth and gums. Healthy teeth not only enable
you to look and feel good, they make it possible to eat and speak
properly. Good oral health is therefore important to your overall
well-being.
In order to achieve good oral hygiene it is important to conduct
daily preventive care in the form of proper teeth brushing and flossing
with dental floss. These two simple techniques will help stop problems
before they develop and are much less painful, expensive, and worrisome
than treating conditions that have been allowed to progress.
Visiting a dentist regularly is also an excellent way of acieveing
good oral hygiene. A dentist can perform routine teeth cleaning
such as scaling and root planning to eliminate plaque and tartar
that builds up on the teeth and are the main causes of oral hygiene
problems. In between regular visits to the dentist, there are simple
steps that can be taken to greatly decrease the risk of developing
tooth decay, gum disease and other dental problems. These include:
Brushing thoroughly twice a day and flossing daily Eating a balanced
diet and limiting snacks between meals Using dental products that
contain fluoride, including toothpaste Rinsing with a fluoride mouthrinse
Brushing and flossing each day are basic techniques, but it is essential
that they are done properly to achieve the maximum benefit. Below
are how a dentist recommends brushing and flossing.
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2.
Professional Dental Cleaning
Dental
cleaning means the professional the cleaning you can only receive
from a dentist or dental hygienist. A routine dental cleaning should
include scaling, root planning and polishing. These three important
steps are outlined in detail below.
Scaling: This is the removal of plaque and tartar from all tooth
surfaces with different types of scaling being used in relation
to the amount of plaque and tartar.
Dental hygienists perform traditional scaling by hand. Advances
in technology have led to more modern methods such as electric scalers,
which allow dental cleaning to be done in much shorter period of
time. However, to achieve best results, electric and manual scaling
should be combined in dental cleaning.
Ultrasonic
scaling uses a machine called a cavitron, which uses sound waves
to remove tartar. Ultrasonic scalers can only remove 50% of total
tartar buildup so hand scaling must follow cavitron scaling. People
who wear pacemaker cannot get ultrasonic scaling because the ultrasonic
sound can interfere with the function of the pacemaker.
Root planning: This is the cleaning of pockets
to stop further gum problems.
Root planning is used to treat perio conditions, which are moderate
to advanced gum diseases. When the gum is inflamed, gum pockets
become deeper and they lose bone connections inside. The deeper
these pockets are the easier it is for them to trap plaque deposits
and make the gum worse.
Root planning is essentially inserting the pointy front of handle
scalers into below the gum pockets to clean plaque buildup. Sometimes
local anesthesia is needed to prevent any feeling of pain and depending
on the degree of difficulties, root planning can take several dental
visits.
Polishing: This is the finishing touch of rubbing
on the surface of the teeth
There are two kinds of polisher, the prophy jet polishing and rubber
tip polishing with prophy paste. Prophy jet polishing works by spraying
high pressured water mixed with baking soda paste onto the surface
of your teeth. This powered water can wash away the residue and
plaque, while the baking soda removes the brown and yellow stains
and neutralizes the acidic conditions in your mouth. Rubber cup
polishing employs a low-speed hand piece with a rubber cup tip mounted
on the top that contains a polishing paste that is made of abrasive
ingredients ideal for removing stains.
The amount of time needed for dental cleaning depends on factors
from plaque deposits, complication of dental restorations and your
gingival health. People with more tartar and plaque buildup need
longer appointments than those who have relatively cleaner teeth.
In a moderate case dental cleaning should take about 25 to 30 minutes.
Cleaning should be performed every six months to prevent excessive
plaque build up. Lack of cleaning allows the growth of plaque, which
if left unchecked can lead to the various types of conditions involved
in tooth decay.
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3.
Tooth Filling
Teeth
that have been affected by tooth decay (caries or cavities) require
a filling.
A tooth filling is a very common procedure and is used to fill up
the cavities in the teeth. There are generally 3 types of tooth
filling:
amalgam, or alloy mixed with mercury composite, or white filling
with same color as that of teeth indirect filling, or filling made
in a lab amalgam
Dental
amalgams, also known as silver fillings, are comprised of a mixture
of mercury (45 to 50 percent), and an alloy of silver, tin, and
copper (50 to 55 percent). When it is combined with other materials
in dental amalgam, mercury's chemical nature changes and it is no
longer considered harmful to the body.
The procedure to fit an amalgam filling involves excavating the
intended tooth and removing all the decay present. The tooth is
then shaped in a specific manner in order to accept silver filling.
After shaping the tooth a band is placed around the tooth and the
amalgam is condensed into the prepared tooth. The final filling
is then carved and adjusted to the persons bite.
A new filling takes almost two weeks to become fully hardened with
light sensitivity to cold or hot occurring for up to six weeks after
surgery is completed.
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4.
Composite Filling
A
composite resin filling (also known as a white filling) is a tooth-colored
plastic mixture filled with glass (silicon dioxide) and is a composite
quartz resin that usually contains some sort of light sensitive
agent.
Introduced in the 1960s, dental composites were confined to the
front teeth because they were not strong enough to withstand the
pressure and wear generated by the back teeth. Since then, composites
have been significantly improved and can be successfully placed
in the back teeth as well. Composites are not only used to restore
decayed areas, but are also used for cosmetic improvements of the
smile by changing the color of the teeth or reshaping disfigured
teeth. A composite filling can be tinted to match any tooth color
and it forms a natural bond with the existing tooth in a way that
metal fillings cannot. The end result is nearly invisible fillings.
In
order to bond a filling material to your tooth it is first necessary
to remove decay, prepare the tooth and then to condition the enamel
and dentin. Once conditioned, a thin resin is applied which bonds
to the etched surface. Placement time depends on the size and location
of the cavity and the larger the size the longer it will take. After
placement, composites are hardened by shining an intense light on
them for a specified period of time, usually around 40 seconds.
Composite fillings tend to be used as an alternative to metal, or
silver amalgam, fillings and are used to treat decay on a portion
of a tooth, replace an old silver amalgam filling and to maintain
a white smile.
Composite fillings are more than just attractive and they have distinct
advantages over other types of fillings, especially metal ones.
Composite fillings are environmentally non-toxic because they use
no mercury. They are stronger because they bond directly to the
surface of the tooth. They protect the tooth from fracturing because
they don't require the severe "undercut" (removal of healthy
tooth structure) of mercury fillings.
There are some disadvantages to composite fillings and these include
the fact that the initial investment in a composite filling is higher
than that for a mercury filling. This is due to the fact that the
composite material is more expensive and the restoration is more
difficult and time consuming to place. However, this initial higher
investment is offset in the long run by the health benefits and
reduced likelihood of restoring potentially fractured teeth.
Another type of 'white filling' is called a Composite or Porcelain
Inlay. These fillings are usually placed in back teeth when esthetics
is of utmost concern, in order to increase their strength and longevity,
they are fabricated in the laboratory and then bonded into position
at the dentists.
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5.
Root Canal Therapy
Root
Canal Therapy or endotontic therapy refers to the specialized dental
procedure of removing infected pulp from a tooth and filling it
with an inert material. It is a method that prevents the further
spread of infection and the possibility of that tooth falling out.
Root Canal Therapy is recommended in instances where an abscess
(a pocket of pus that forms at the tip of the tooth's root) becomes
visible. This is a sign that there is damage to the tooth's pulp.
This infection is generally a result of a deep cavity or a cracked
tooth, in which the pulp has become exposed to bacteria. If the
pulp is damaged beyond repair, it essentially means that the tooth
has died. Therefore root canal therapy is a way to avoid tooth extraction
while repairing the esthetic look of the tooth through dental restorations
such as a crown.
The completion of root canal therapy requires one to three visits
to the dentist. The first step to root canal treatment is the numbing
of the affected tooth and the use of a rubber dam. A rubber dam
is placed around the affected tooth and its purpose is to prevent
saliva, which contains bacteria, from re-contaminating the tooth
while the treatment is performed.
Following
that, the root canal treatment begins and a small hole is drilled
into the affected tooth. This is done to give access to the pulp
chamber of the tooth to the dentist. The placing of the hole varies
between back teeth (hole is made on the chewing surface of the tooth)
and front teeth (hole is made on the tooth's backside.)
From this point, the tooth is cleaned out and any bacteria, toxins,
nerve tissue, and related debris within the tooth are removed. The
cleaning process extends the entire length of the tooth's root canal(s)
but not beyond. Following the cleaning portion of the root canal
procedure is the filling in and sealing up of the tooth's root's
interior with root canal filling material, usually gutta percha
(a natural rubber). The hole that was drilled in order for access
to the tooth's root is then sealed with the placing of a filling.
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6.
Porcelain Inlays or Onlays
Porcelain
inlays or onlays refer to indirect fillings made of porcelain that
fit into or onto the affected tooth. Its purpose is to make the
tooth stronger by holding it together while retaining a natural,
esthetically pleasing colour. They are used in instances when there
is deficient tooth structure to support a filling but the tooth
is still in a condition that does not require a crown.
Indirect fillings are similar to regular fillings with the exception
being that they are permanently cemented by one's dentist and are
made in a dental lab as opposed to being molded to shape in one's
mouth. These fillings take two different forms: inlays which fit
into the space remaining after the decay of an old filling or cavity
has been removed and onlays (partial crowns) which sit on the tooth
and builds up its shape. The advantages of indirect fillings are
that they are more durable than fillings, lasting between 10 and
30 years. Whereas fillings have been known to reduce the strength
of a tooth by up to 50%, inlays and onlays can actually increase
a tooth's strength up to 75%. They are also able to be made from
a variety of materials including porcelain, gold, and tooth-coloured
composite resin.
The
advantage that porcelain inlays or onlays have over gold inlays
or onlays is its esthetic value. However, it has the disadvantage
of being more brittle and consequently more likely to break than
indirect fillings made of gold material. Additionally, porcelain
has been known to cause accelerated wear of the opposing tooth when
biting, something that gold does not.
Receiving porcelain inlays or outlays requires two visits to a dental
specialist. In the first visit, the decay of an old filling or cavity
is removed and an impression is taken. This impression is used by
a dental laboratory to create the indirect filling and records the
shape of the damaged tooth and the surrounding teeth. While the
inlay or outlay is being made, the patient is given a temporary
filling to protect the damaged tooth. During the second visit, this
temporary filling is removed and the indirect filling is fitted.
If it is an acceptable fit, it is permanently cemented into place.
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7.
Porcelain Veneers
Porcelain
veneers (also known as dental veneers or dental porcelain laminates)
refer to a cosmetic dentistry operation in which a thin layer of
porcelain is bonded to a natural tooth. In this procedure, a half
millimeter of enamel is removed from the front surface of the tooth.
The tooth is then exposed to phosphoric acid, in which after the
resin cements a veneer is then applied to the tooth. This procedure
is used to replace lost tooth structure, straighten teeth, change
the color or shape of a tooth, and/or close teeth spaces.
Porcelain veneers have a number of esthetic advantages over other
types of cosmetic bonding. Since porcelain is able to capture and
reflect light, porcelain veneers gives the damaged tooth the look
of a natural tooth. Additionally, since porcelain is a ceramic material
and is therefore glass-like, the surface of a porcelain veneer will
not pick up permanent stains.
 
The
lifespan of porcelain veneers tend to be between ten and fifteen
years, while the costs range from $750 to $2000 per unit (or tooth.)
However, the use of porcelain veneers on a single tooth is rare
and in most instances the procedure is used for the upper six front
teeth. In addition to the costs, porcelain veneers may not be the
best option for a number of people. These include those with unhealthy
teeth (porcelain veneers cannot be placed on teeth where there is
decay or active gum disease), weakened teeth (teeth whose teeth
structure has been reduced due to decay or fracture), teeth in which
an inadequate amount of enamel exists on the tooth, and those who
clench or grind their teeth (these actions can chip or break porcelain
veneers.)
Receiving porcelain veneers generally takes two dental appointments.
During the first visit, the side where the porcelain veneer will
be bonded must be trimmed back at approximately the same thickness
of the veneer. This amount is generally .5 to .7 millimeters. Following
this, your dentist will make a copy of the affected teeth in order
for the porcelain veneers to be created with the correct dimensions.
Following a waiting process that lasts between one to two weeks,
the porcelain veneer will be fitted on the affected teeth. Once
the fit has been deemed appropriate it will be bonded onto the affected
teeth.
Upon receiving porcelain veneers there are a number of ways to ensure
its longevity. These include: daily brushing and flossing; avoiding
clenching and grinding of teeth; the use of a mouth protector in
sports activities; and lifestyle changes such as avoiding excessive
smoking as well as the drinking of coffee, tea, and red wine to
minimize staining.
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8.
Dental Crowns
Dental
crowns, also known as dental caps, cover damaged or discoloured
teeth. Crowns cover the entire tooth, starting at the gum line.
They are usually made of gold, porcelain, or a combination of both.
Though crowns can be used to improve the appearance of a tooth,
they are not primarily cosmetic devices. Dentists recommend crowns
to protect or strengthen weakened teeth, or to restore a disfigured
tooth to its original shape. "Capping" a tooth requires
buffing away part of a tooth to make room for the crown, so dentists
often discourage it as a cosmetic method unless the teeth are damaged.
Crowns
strengthen teeth by binding the sides of the weakened tooth together,
much the way a splint holds together a broken bone. Large fillings
taking up over a third of the tooth may weaken that tooth over time;
crowns are often used in cases where such weakened teeth threaten
to break.
The "capping" procedure takes place under anaesthetic.
Because the crown is about two millimeters thick, the dentist first
shaves this same amount off your existing tooth to avoid awkward-looking,
oversized teeth. The dentist will also re-shape your tooth into
a form upon which a cap can easily sit. He or she will then make
a replica of your tooth. Usually, this replica will be a putty mold.
This mold is then sent to a laboratory, where the crown will be
made based on this mold. In the case of a porcelain crown, the dentist
will choose a shade close to the colour of the surrounding teeth.
You will return about two weeks later to have the crown fitted and,
once both you and your dentist are satisfied with the "look
and feel" of the crown, cemented over your original tooth.
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9.
Dental Bridges
Dental
bridges replace missing teeth by "bridging" the gap between
two remaining teeth. You and your dentist can discuss the different
types of bridges to choose the best option for you:
- Traditional bridges, also called fixed bridges—the dentist creates
a pontic, or false, tooth with a dental crown on either side. The
crowns are fitted over the remaining teeth to hold the false tooth
in place.
- Resin bonded bridges—the pontic tooth is fused to a metal band.
The metal band, in turn, is bonded to the back of the remaining
teeth with white resin cement.
- Cantilever bridge—dentists recommend this bridge when there are
only teeth on one side of the gap. While traditional bridges have
a crown on either side of the pontic, cantilever bridges consist
of two side-by-side crowns and only one is connected to the pontic.
To
design a bridge, a dentist must first shrink, then reshape the teeth
to make room for the crowns. He or she then makes a mold of the
teeth. This mold is then sent off to a laboratory, where the actual
crowns and bridge are made.
With proper oral hygiene, bridges can last up to ten years. However,
improper or infrequent brushing and flossing, irregular dental visits,
and excessive sugar and starch intake can all bring untimely damage
to the bridge.
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10.
Denture
A
denture is a removable replacement for missing teeth. A denture
is made of acrylic resin, sometimes in combination with various
metals, and comes in two types; complete denture or partial denture.
Complete dentures replace all the teeth, while a partial denture
fills in the spaces created by missing teeth and prevents other
teeth from changing position.
Complete dentures are either "conventional" or "immediate."
A conventional denture is placed in the mouth about a month after
all the teeth are removed to allow for proper healing, whereas an
immediate denture is placed as soon as the teeth are removed, however
a drawback to the immediate denture is that it may require more
adjustments after the healing has taken place.
People who have lost most or all of their teeth are ideal candidates
for complete dentures. A partial denture is suitable for those who
have some natural teeth remaining.
Advantages of using a denture are that it improves chewing ability,
speech and provides support for facial muscles whilst greatly enhancing
the facial appearance and smile.
Fitting
a denture takes about one month and five appointments. The process
required to have a denture fitted is more complex than people think
and follow the following pattern. An initial diagnosis is made then
an impression and a wax bite are made to determine vertical dimensions
and proper jaw position. After the taking dimensions a "try-in"
is placed to assure proper color, shape and fit. Only after these
steps have been taken is the patient's final denture placed.
New denture wearers need time to get accustomed to their new teeth
because even the best fitting dentures will feel awkward at first.
While most people can begin to speak normally within a few hours,
many people report discomfort with eating for several days to a
few weeks after having dentures fitted.
A denture is fragile, so it is important to handle it with care.
Cleaning the denture is also important and requires the removal
and brushing of the denture daily, preferably with a brush designed
specifically for cleaning dentures. You should never use harsh,
abrasive cleansers, including abrasives toothpastes, when cleaning
dentures as they may scratch the surface of the denture. Sterilizing
your denture with boiling water will cause it to become warped and
is not a good idea.
If you wear a partial denture remove it before brushing your natural
teeth and when not in use soak it in a cleanser solution or in water.
While you may be advised to wear your denture almost constantly
during the first two weeks under normal circumstances it is considered
best to remove dentures at night as research has shown that removing
the denture for at least eight hours during either the day or night
allows the gum tissue to rest and allows normal stimulation and
cleansing by the tongue and saliva. This promotes better long-term
health of the gums.
To maintain a proper denture fit over time, it may be necessary
to adjust your denture or possibly remake your denture. Never attempt
to adjust a denture yourself and do not use denture adhesives for
a prolonged period because it can contribute to bone loss.
Dentures are no longer the only way to restore a mouth that has
little or no non-restorable teeth. Strategically placed implants
can also used to support permanently cemented bridges, eliminating
the need for a denture. The cost tends to be greater, but the implants
and bridges more closely resemble the feel of real teeth, although
not everyone is a candidate for implants.
Sometimes dentures or partial dentures may irritate soft tissues
in the mouth. If the irritation continues, a person may develop
mouth sores, which can be found on the upper jaw, lower jaw, under
the tongue, or on the palate. They are usually red and a little
swollen. The main causes of theses denture sores include alcoholism,
allergies, smoking and chewing tobacco.
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11.
Overdenture
An
overdenture is a type of denture that is secured by precision dental
attachments. The attachments are placed in tooth roots or dental
implants, which have been placed specifically for the overdenture
attachment. Types of overdentures include bar joint dentures and
telescopic dentures.
If you lose most or all of your lower teeth, there is nothing to
hold a denture down while you chew. An overdenture fastens a denture
to the jawbone, much in the way natural teeth are anchored. The
adjacent teeth may be altered with locking devices or connecting
bars to ensure the denture fits properly. These bar joints support
the dentures better than individual implants, though implants are
still required to support the bars. Generally, the more implants,
the stronger the bar, and bars on the upper arch always require
more implants than bars on the lower arch due to the lesser bone
density in the upper jaw.
When
patients have compromised bone density due to age or oral disease,
a telescopic denture, a type of overdenture system is probably the
best option. The procedure consists of a double crown system, “the
telescopic," and involves fitting inner metal crowns and outer
crowns on the remaining natural teeth to create a natural looking
removable overdenture. Though this is a reliable denture system
that ensures even bite stress distribution, the procedure is extremely
complicated and requires root canal therapy for each remaining natural
tooth and the insertion of a metal post to ensure the root is strong
enough.
Some of the benefits of overdentures include the prevention of bone
loss (dental implants actually strengthen the surrounding bone structure),
esthetic appeal, improved speech (when compared with other types
of dentures), proper jaw alignment, and improved chewing efficiency.
These overdenture systems can last a lifetime and increase chewing
power by up to 300%.
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12.
Full Denture
An
important step in maintaining a healthy smile is to replace missing
teeth. When teeth are missing the remaining ones can change position,
by drifting into the surrounding space. Teeth that are out of position
can damage tissues in the mouth. In addition, it may be difficult
to clean thoroughly between crooked teeth.
Complete or full dentures replace all the teeth in the upper or
lower jaw. Complete dentures are either "conventional"
or "immediate." A conventional denture is placed in the
mouth about 4 to 8 weeks after all of the teeth are removed to allow
for proper healing. A conventional denture is also made to replace
an existing denture. An immediate denture is placed as soon as the
teeth are removed. The drawback with an immediate denture is that
it may require more adjustments after the healing has taken place.
A denture helps you to properly chew food, a difficult task when
you are missing teeth. In addition, a denture may improve speech
and prevent a sagging face by providing support for lips and cheeks.
In
order to fit a denture a dentist will take an impression of your
jaw, along with measurements of how your jaws relate to one another
and how much space is between them (bite relationship). The color,
or shade, of your teeth will also be determined either from your
natural teeth or a denture you may already be wearing. The impression,
bite and shade are given to a dental laboratory so a denture can
be made just for you. The dental laboratory makes a mold of your
jaw, places the teeth in a wax base, and carves the wax to the exact
form wanted in the finished denture. Usually a "wax try-in"
of the denture will be done at the dentist's office so any adjustments
can be done before the denture is completed. The denture is completed
at the dental laboratory using the "lost wax" technique.
A mold of the wax-up denture is made, the wax is removed and the
remaining space is filled with pink plastic in dough form. The mold
is then heated to harden the plastic. The denture is then polished
and ready for the patient to wear. It usually takes a little while
to get used to wearing a full denture. There may also be minor adjustments
that your dentist will make to fine-tune the fit of your denture.
It is very important to wear a new denture every day. If you don't
wear your denture for an extended period of time, the denture may
no longer fit as well as it should. Over time, your mouth will change.
The bone and gum areas may shrink or recede, causing the space between
the jaws to change. Because your denture keeps its shape, adjustments
will be needed to keep your denture fitting properly.
Caring for your dentures after they have been fitted is very important,
not only for oral hygiene but also to make sure that the dentures
last for a long time. In order to take good care of dentures a person
should:
Rinse their denture thoroughly after every meal. Clean their denture
thoroughly at least once a day, using a toothbrush and a non-abrasive
denture cleanser. Don't use alcohol, abrasive cleaners, bleaches,
whiteners or boiling water to clean or soak your dentures.
A complete denture should not be worn at night and should be removed
and stored in normal tap water or in denture cleaning solution.
Dentures can dry out and distort if they are left outside a moist
environment.
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13.
Orthodontics
Orthodontics
is the correcting of tooth alignment and bite problems. It deals
with the straightening of teeth and with fixing over or underbites.
A perfect smile should consist of straight teeth, be gap and overlap-free,
and the top teeth should align with the bottom. Mouth injuries,
prolonged pacifier use in infancy or thumb-sucking in early childhood
can all cause misalignment. Most often, though, orthodontic problems
occur simply because the teeth and mouth are growing at different
speeds.
  
Orthodontic
appliances such as braces and retainers put pressure on your teeth
and/or jaw, forcing them into a more aligned form. These appliances
are popular for their aesthetic benefits; they can pull teeth together
to close gaps and push teeth apart to avoid overlaps. However, straightening
your teeth improves more than just your smile. Crooked or overlapped
teeth can impair chewing (and, therefore, digestion) and complicate
dental hygiene. Poorly aligned teeth can lead to other complications
(such as when teeth bite down on the tongue or gums). Jaw irregularities
can cause the roof of your mouth to block your nasal cavities, leading
to breathing difficulties. All of these potential problems can be
prevented with the use of orthodontics. Finally, recent evidence
even suggests that braces might play an indirect role in preventing
cardiovascular disease: former braces-wearers learn to care for
their teeth, thus reducing the amount of oral bacteria; a oral bacteria
dissolves calcium in the mouth and pushes it into the arteries,
possibly leading to cardiovascular disease.
 
Orthodontic treatment can occur at any age, although dentists recommend
starting the process while the child is still growing, as the teeth
and jaw will move into place quicker. Most orthodontic patients
are in their early teens; however, orthodontists recommend interceptive
orthodontic treatment, wearing a face brow and/or palatal expander
to stretch your jaw and/or widen your mouth, at the age of eight
or nine, in time for the permanent teeth to come into place. With
interceptive orthodontic treatment, once the child's permanent teeth
have grown and he or she is ready for braces, the mouth has already
been shaped in such a way that the teeth can easily fit into place.
Interceptive treatment can reduce the braces-wearing period down
to 3-6 months in some cases. Successful orthodontic treatment can
occur later in life, too, but in general, the earlier you start,
the less the process hurts.
On
average, orthodontic treatment tends to take about two to two and
a half years. After a few initial assessment appointments, the orthodontist
will glue metal or clear brackets to your teeth, held together by
a wire. If you have an over or underbite, he or she may also assign
headgear or a facebow to push or pull your jaw into place. Expect
to see your orthodontist at least once a month, to have your braces
checked and the wire holding your brackets together tightened. When
the braces are removed, you will have to wear a retainer for a specified
period of time to keep your new smile in place.
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Sanoral
dentistry and oral surgery
1073 Budapest, Hungary / Erzsébet körút 44-46.
+3613210577 / +36209452146 / +36209711655
e-mail
Created by:
Horizon
Webstudio
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1.